THE DEGREE OF DEPENDENCE BETWEEN THE SCALE OF THE «SHADOW ECONOMY» IN THE COUNTRY AND THE LEVEL OF ITS DEVELOPMENT

UDC 338.24
DOI: 10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2025.03.08.008

Authors

Artem A. Moldovan,
Sankt-Petersburg State University (St. Petersburg State University), St. Petersburg, Russia; Baltic State Technical University “VOENMEH” named after D. F. Ustinov, St. Petersburg, Russia
Magomed D. Aliev,
Sankt-Petersburg State University (St. Petersburg State University), St. Petersburg, Russia
Yulia A. Shindina,
Baltic State Technical University “VOENMEH” named after D. F. Ustinov, St. Petersburg, Russia

Abstract

Sanction restrictions, geopolitical tensions, macroeconomic instability, etc. — all of this creates both consumer and entrepreneurial uncertainty, which often manifests itself in the implementation of activities outside the established legal order (“shadow business”, unofficial labor activity, etc.). As part of the study, the author made an attempt to establish the relationship between the level of shadowing of the state economy and the pace of its development.

Keywords

economy, “shadow” economy, economic growth, GDP, macroeconomic instability