DOI: 10.36871 / VET.SAN.HYG.ECOL.202001009
UDC 619.579

Authors

LENCHENKO E.M., BLYUMENKRANTS D.A.
FSBEI HE "MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY OF FOOD PRODUCTION"

Abstract

The results of studies of morphological, densitometric indicators of biofilms of microorganisms in vitro and in vivo are presented. When studying the morphology of pathogenic microorganisms isolated during intestinal dysbiosis in chickens and lambs, the general patterns of the formation of biofilms of microorganisms of various systematic groups were revealed. Tightly packed and multicellular heterogeneous biofilms of microorganisms tightly packed and united by an intercellular matrix attached in vitro to the surface of the substrate (glass) and in vivo to the apical surface of the enterocytes of the intestines of chickens and lambs formed microcolonies similar to colonies of microorganisms forming on the surface of solid nutrient media. In the intercellular spaces of the biofilms of microorganisms in the areas of disruption of the integrity of the intercellular matrix, spherical or protoplast type cells with the phenomena of the L-transformation process were revealed, which indicates the process of heteromorphism. Invasive microorganisms caused damage to the epithelial layer of the villi and crypts of the small intestines of chickens and lambs. In areas of violation of the integrity of the epithelial layer of the mucous membrane of the respiratory and digestive systems, as well as in the spleen, lungs, liver, kidneys, a violation of the endothelial layer of blood and lymph vessels was detected. In the loose fibrous connective tissue of the own plate of the mucous membranes of the respiratory and digestive systems and the layers of parenchymal organs, the development of delayed hypersensitivity reactions is noted. Quantitative and qualitative changes in the intestinal microflora during dysbiosis were characterized by an increase in the colonization and persistent potential of enterobacteria, staphylococci, and microscopic fungi. Epizootic strains produced adhesive antigens, bacteriocins, hemolysins, thermolabile, thermostable toxins, and extended-spectrum lactamases. For the correction of ecological balance disturbances in the intestinal biotopes, characterized by a decrease in the number of lactobateria and bifidumbacteria, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, as well as immunomodulators of plant origin is recommended. An effective and environmentally friendly method of restoring the level of water-soluble vitamins in the liver is the use of enzyme preparations.

Keywords

biofilms, microorganisms, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, optical density, adhesion, dissemination, dysbiosis.