DOI: 10.36871 / vet.san.hyg.ecol.202003009
UDC 636.5: 612.014.4
Authors
Subbotina Yu.M.
Moscow State University of Food Production
Moscow, Russian Federation
Abstract
The problem of waste disposal of poultry production is considered. The properties
of bird droppings are analyzed, depending on the condition and feeding of the
bird. The morphological composition of poultry manure is given, and the value
of 1 ton of bird droppings to mineral fertilizer is compared. Bird droppings has a
feature – a narrow ratio of carbon and nitrogen, that’s why the litter is mineralized
much faster by the soil microflora. It is also emphasized that wrong storage of bird
droppings leads to loss of nitrogen, which can reach 50%.
Various technologies for disposing of droppings by microorganisms are considered,
using the California worm and housefly larvae. Bioenergetic methods of litter
utilization are analyzed in detail.
The article comprehensively examines the processes of anaerobic fermentation of
manure and the production of biogas-methane, notes the dependence of biogas formation
on temperature, and emphasizes that mesophyll and psychophile bacteria participate
in the formation of biogas. Then the biogas is used to generate electricity and
heat the premises. In addition to thermo and mesophilic fermentation, the disposal of
bird droppings using vermiculture and red housefly is considered. The positive aspects
of these technologies are described, namely, the production of biohumus, which
binds and neutralizes heavy metals, in the process of utilization, phytohormones are
produced by microflora, being used in crop production, they accelerate the growth of
plants by 4-6 times, help to resist diseases and pests of agricultural crops.
The article notes the high effect of using the larvae of the house fly (Musca domestica
L), which was thoroughly tested by the Federal Science Center of Animal
Husbandry under the guidance of academician L.K. Ernst. The high efficiency of
using fly larvae is emphasized, where scientists note that in addition to the membrane
and intracellular mechanism of digestion, induced autolysis is added (joint
digestion of food by the "host" and "victim" enzymes in the host's gastrointestinal
tract). Specialists get chitin and chitosin of high quality from fly larvae. Derivatives
of these compounds are used in the food, perfume, pharmaceutical, and medical industries,
moreover, chitosin is the polymer of the future. It increases the resistance
of animals to infectious diseases by 10-15 %.
Keywords
bird droppings, heat treatment, methane, fermentation, vermiculture, California worm, biohumus, soil fertility.
