DOI: 10.36871 / vet.san.hyg.ecol.202103008
UDC 639.3.043.2
Authors
Pavlova E.V.
Putina T.G.
Moscow State University of Food Production
Moscow, Russian Federation
Udavliev D.I.
Moscow State University of Food Production, Moscow, Russian Federation; All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center – K.I. Skryabin, Ya.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences» Moscow, Russian Federation
Abstract
The purpose of the work is a veterinary and sanitary examination of the quality
and safety of feed for sturgeon fish, including the analysis of changes in the
microflora of feed during storage in terms of organoleptic, physicochemical and
microbiological indicators. Samples of fish meal, reworked loose fish meal, readymade
fish food were taken for the study.
It has been established that 6 % of feed does not meet the regulatory requirements
for organoleptic indicators, 3 % – for physicochemical indicators in excess
of the mass fraction of crude ash by 57 % and the content of mass fraction of crude
fat by 10 %. The content of MRL of heavy metals and toxicological indicators correspond
to the regulatory requirements for all types of studied feed.
Microbiological indicators did not meet the regulatory requirements in 6 %
of samples for the presence of sulfide-reducing anaerobes, microscopic molds in
one sample of fish meal and the content of Alternaria ssp, Penicillium patulum,
Aspergillus ssp and yeast Zygosaccaromyces ssp and Xeromyces ssp in one sample
of ready-made fish.
At storing until the end of the shelf life, 94 % samples of fish meal from two
manufacturers were benign in all respects, they could withstand storage for 6
months without signs of spoilage, 90 % of the samples of the finished fish food
microbiological stability until the end of the shelf life and another 14 days after the
expiration date declared by the manufacturer. At all stages of the study pathogenic
bacteria: Salmonella ssp., enter pathogenic E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S aureus and
other coagulase-positive staphylococci were absent in all studied feeds.
The species composition of fishmeal microflora changed during storage, the
amount of mesophilic microflora decreased, the microflora of the feed was represented
by saprophytic spore-forming microorganisms of the genera Bacillus ssp,
including Bac. сereus 0,5×105 UFC/G and Clostridium ssp, psychrophilic bacteria
of the genera Pseudomonas and Enterococcus. The greatest accumulation of microflora
was observed on the 35th day of storage.
Keywords
feed for sturgeon, veterinary and sanitary examination, microorganisms, safety, storage, С. perfringens, mold.
