UDC 53.08: 004.89
Authors
S. V. Prokopchina
Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Financial University under the Government
of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Abstract
The article offers a methodological justification and principles for the organization of global measurements (GM) as a new trend in the measurement science. It is shown, that GM are always implemented under conditions of significant uncertainty of models and data. In this regard, a Regularizing Bayesian approach and technologies, based on it, are proposed for GM organization, which are focused on uncertainty conditions. It is shown, that the methods and principles of global measurements, as a branch of the direction of Bayesian intelligent measurements (BIM), meet all the criteria of classical and multiparametric measurements as compatibility, repeatability (stability), traceability of measurement solutions. A classification of global measurements is proposed. It is shown, that the GM in structural terms, represent systemic measurements. In terms of content, their types correspond to the components of the global ecosystem and are divided into geopolitical, macroeconomic, geoenergy, geo-social, geosociocultural, interethnic, geo-natural and other types оf global measurements. Scales with dynamic constraints (SDC) are used as scales for measuring the properties of global systems and processes, when using Bayesian intelligent technologies (BIT). Moreover, the SDC linguistic scale plays a dominant role in obtaining measurement solutions, since, despite the abundance of data on an international scale, the main information flows are subjective, since they are generated by the subjects of the global system. As reference points, it is possible use not only the numerical value of the measured parameters, but also any, including virtual images (measurements) and samples. SDC have a multi-level structure of conjugate scales, which for the hierarchical structure of the model of a complex object (system, process) are a hypercube of scales. When the hypercube's dimension increases, its structure tends to be spherical. The number of conjugate scales in the SDC structure is unlimited. For verification of compliance, rationing and audit, in addition to the evaluation SDC, criteria scales are used, which can be combined with linguistic evaluation scales, which allows not only to assess the degree of manifestation of properties, but also to determine the risk of exceeding the norms, as well as the potential for the manifestation of properties. This provides a formal basis for risk-management, planning, and management. To organize a multi-criteria assessment or audit of properties or parameters of a complex measurement object, the structure of multi- tiered criteria scales is used for each separate evaluation SDC of this property. For metrological justification, complexes of metrological characteristics of BIM are used in the form of a set of indicators of accuracy, reliability, dependability, risk of measuring decisions, changes in entropy and the amount of information. The continuous chain of metrological support and transformation of metrological characteristics complexes allows optimizing the measurement information technology from the point of view of increasing the information value of each stage. This makes the measurement process faster and cheaper. The article provides examples of global measurements based on RBA and BIM in problems of geopolitics, macroeconomics, interethnic systems and relations.
Keywords
Global measurements, Bayesian intelligent technologies, Uncertainty, Systematic approach
