UDC 343.37
DOI: 10.36871/u.i.k.2025.05.01.011
Authors
Inna Z. Makieva,
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Higher School
of State Audit, Moscow, Russia
Abstract
The article examines the phenomenon of criminal finance as
a complex and multifaceted economic phenomenon that destabilizes the global
financial system. The mechanisms of its formation, legalization, and integration
into the legal economy are analyzed, including offshore schemes, anonymous
payment systems, and cryptocurrency transactions. Particular attention is paid
to issues related to money laundering, the financing of criminal organizations,
and corruption.
The study emphasizes that traditional methods of combating criminal financial
flows do not correspond to the modern digital reality, necessitating the
development of innovative approaches. International initiatives to counter financial
crimes are considered, including the activities of FATF, cryptocurrency
market regulation, and measures to tighten control over beneficial owners. The
key problems of law enforcement practice and shortcomings in global coordination,
which allow criminal structures to bypass existing control mechanisms, are
identified.
Prospective measures are proposed to enhance financial monitoring, introduce
artificial intelligence for analyzing suspicious transactions, reform the global
financial information exchange system, and improve legal regulation of offshore
jurisdictions. The article concludes that a comprehensive approach, incorporating
technological, legal, and institutional solutions, is essential to minimize the
scale of criminal financial flows and ensure transparency in the global economy.
Keywords
criminal finance, money laundering, corruption, cryptocurrencies, offshore jurisdictions, financial monitoring, international regulation, terrorism, beneficial owners, artificial intelligence.
