UDC 619: 616.9
DOI: 10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202302015

Authors

Alexey I. Laishevtsev,
Dmitry D. Smirnov,
Ekaterina G. Ezhova,
Center for Biotechnological Processing of Food Products at the Institute of Applied Microecology (Evolink), Moscow, Russia; Federal Scientific Center – All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K. I. Scriabin and Ya. R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Nikolay V. Pimenov,
Center for Biotechnological Processing of Food Products at the Institute of Applied Microecology (Evolink), Moscow, Russia
Natalya A. Oleynik,
All-Russian State Center for the Quality and Standardization of Medicines for Animals and Feed, Moscow, Russia

Abstract

The global problem of antibiotic resistance of circulating pathogenic microorganisms was stated by the World Health Organization in 2014. The spread of pathogens with multiple and/or extensive drug resistance is facilitated by the widespread and unsystematic use of antibacterial pharmaceuticals in animal husbandry, including for metaprophylactic purposes and to stimulate productivity. The polyresistance of etiopathogenetic strains of bacteria poses a real threat to public health and the effectiveness of medical care. Based on our own screening studies and a broad current scientific review, system analysis, this paper presents the results of studies on antibiotic resistance and substitution programs in animal husbandry, designed to reduce or eliminate the use of antibiotics for non-therapeutic purposes. The development of the problem of feed antibiotics is revealed, new directions of decontamination and metaprophylaxis in animal husbandry, alternative to the use of antibiotics, are presented.
In particular, it has been shown that the use of bacteriophages is of promising importance in solving the problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides, immunoglobulins, organic acids, metal nanoparticles, as well as drugs aimed at stimulating the growth and metabolism of beneficial gastrointestinal bacteria: probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and aimed at improving the use of nutrients by the host: food enzymes are given as promising substitutes for phytogenics.

Keywords

antibiotic resistance, decontamination, metaprofylaxis, bacteriophages, antibiotic replacement programs in animal husbandry, food enzymes