UDC 619: 616.9
DOI: 10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202302015
Authors
Alexey I. Laishevtsev,
Dmitry D. Smirnov,
Ekaterina G. Ezhova,
Center for Biotechnological Processing of Food Products at the
Institute of Applied Microecology (Evolink), Moscow, Russia; Federal Scientific Center – All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental
Veterinary Medicine named after K. I. Scriabin and Ya. R. Kovalenko
of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Nikolay V. Pimenov,
Center for Biotechnological Processing of Food Products at the
Institute of Applied Microecology (Evolink), Moscow, Russia
Natalya A. Oleynik,
All-Russian State Center for the Quality and Standardization of Medicines
for Animals and Feed, Moscow, Russia
Abstract
The global problem of antibiotic resistance of circulating pathogenic microorganisms was stated
by the World Health Organization in 2014. The spread of pathogens with multiple and/or
extensive drug resistance is facilitated by the widespread and unsystematic use of antibacterial
pharmaceuticals in animal husbandry, including for metaprophylactic purposes and to stimulate
productivity. The polyresistance of etiopathogenetic strains of bacteria poses a real threat to public
health and the effectiveness of medical care. Based on our own screening studies and a broad
current scientific review, system analysis, this paper presents the results of studies on antibiotic
resistance and substitution programs in animal husbandry, designed to reduce or eliminate the use
of antibiotics for non-therapeutic purposes. The development of the problem of feed antibiotics is
revealed, new directions of decontamination and metaprophylaxis in animal husbandry, alternative
to the use of antibiotics, are presented.
In particular, it has been shown that the use of bacteriophages is of promising importance in
solving the problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides, immunoglobulins,
organic acids, metal nanoparticles, as well as drugs aimed at stimulating the growth and
metabolism of beneficial gastrointestinal bacteria: probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and aimed
at improving the use of nutrients by the host: food enzymes are given as promising substitutes
for phytogenics.
Keywords
antibiotic resistance, decontamination, metaprofylaxis, bacteriophages, antibiotic replacement programs in animal husbandry, food enzymes