DOI: 10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202009005
UDC 602.3: 579.8
Authors
A. S. Belyaeva
Postgraduate student, Federal Research Center All-Russian Research Institute of
Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K. I. Scriabin and
Ya. R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, Russian Federation
A. V. Kapustin
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Assistant Professor, Head of Laboratory, Federal
Research Center All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental
Veterinary Medicine named after K. I. Scriabin and
Ya. R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, Russian Federation
P. N. Shastin
Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Federal Research Center
All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine
named after K. I. Scriabin and Ya. R. Kovalenko
of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, Russian Federation
A. M. Gulyukin
Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Director of Federal Research Center
All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary
Medicine named after K. I. Scriabin and Ya. R. Kovalenko
of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, Russian Federation
A. I. Laishevtsev
Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory, Federal
Research Center All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental
Veterinary Medicine named after K. I. Scriabin and
Ya. R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, Russian Federation
Abstract
Respiratory diseases of pigs are widespread in all countries of the world with developed pig farming
and cause significant economic damage to the industry. Bordetelliosis (atrophic rhinitis)
is an infectious disease of pigs characterized by partial or complete atrophy of the nasal septum
bones, curvature or shortening of the nose, nasal discharge and bleeding, sneezing, and stunting.
Against the background of the development and spread of antibiotic resistance, one of the most effective
ways to combat this disease is specific prevention. However, domestic vaccines against swine
atrophic rhinitis have not been developed. In view of this, the purpose of our work is to study the
properties of field isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica and select production and control strains
suitable for the manufacture and control of the effectiveness of vaccines against atrophic rhinitis.
To achieve this goal, 15 strains of B. bronchiseptica were isolated using bacteriological methods
from various livestock enterprises in Russia. All strains had typical cultural, morphological, tinctorial
and biochemical properties. When studying the pathogenicity of field isolates, the method of
intraperitoneal infection of white mice at a dose of 1,5×109 microbe cell was used.it was found that
only 15 strains out of 134 studied cultures have pathogenicity: № 144-VIEV, 194-VIEV and 3,0-VIEV.
The remaining strains did not cause the death of experimental mice even with a twofold increase
in the infecting dose to 109×50 microbe cell when determining the virulence of these cultures, expressed
in the LD50 index, it was found that the LD134 of strain № 4,6-VIEV is 107×144 microbe cell,
№ 2,9-VIEV – 108×194 microbe cell, № 7,1-VIEV – 107×1 microbe cell, respectively. The selected
strains were used in further studies as the most promising, since the severity of virulence factors
should contribute to the high immunogenic activity of the drug. In the course of determining the
antigenic properties of strains (in RA), it was found that after the first vaccination of animals, the
antibody titer is at the level of 153,6:57,24±1 – 204,8:70,10±4, the second vaccination increased the
antibody titer by 4,5–1 times – from 614,4:228,93±1 to 921,6: 228,97±XNUMX, respectively.
When determining cross-antigenic activity, it was assumed that all three strains have at least
one common antigenic determinant, and at least one heterologous one. The severity of cross-antigenic
activity was further confirmed during the evaluation of the immunogenic activity of monovaccins.
Thus, the mortality rate of animals in the control, non-vaccinated groups was 100%, while in
the groups of vaccinated animals, the survival rate reached 80% or higher. This level of immunogenic
protection suggests that the protective level of antibodies in the agglutination reaction for
white mice with bordetelliosis should be at least 1:358,4.
Analyzing the results of this work, we can conclude that specific prevention of pig bordetelliosis
can be effective due to careful selection of production strains of the pathogen.
Keywords
atrophic rhinitis, pathogenicity of the pathogen, toxins, vaccine, antigenic activity.
