DOI: 10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202103009
UDC 636.22 / 28.082

Authors

S. V. Anistenok
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Researcher of the Department of Genetics and Cattle Breeding, All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Farm Animals – Branch of the Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry – VIZ named after Academician L. K. Ernst, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
O. V. Tulinova
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Leading Researcher, Head of the Department of Genetics and Cattle Breeding, All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Farm Animals – Branch of the Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry — VIZ named after Academician L. K. Ernst», Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation

Abstract

In order to increase the number of replacement young animals and the terms of productive use, the dynamics of reproductive qualities of the first calving cows in the period from 2009 to 2016 and those who survived to the 36th calving (n=164 9,2) was analyzed. The data set is divided into groups of cows of different age of culling: Clvn – the group leaving after the n-th calving, Lclv – the group by the last calving with reasons for their culling: LP – low productivity, G&I – gynecological diseases and infertility, U – udder diseases, L – limb diseases. The following calving results in proportions were taken into account: Ab – abortions, Sb – stillborns, B – bulls, H – heifers, Mo – multiple offspring. It was revealed that the smallest proportion of cull animals at the first calving (27,1%), and the largest – at the third (2%) with a tendency to increase after Clv3 and Clv6,2 calving by 7,3 and 11,2% and, conversely, decrease at the age of 1th calving by 0,10%. It was found that the share of Ab in the studied sample in cows Clv0,60 is lower (from 0,30 to 0,60%) than Lclv (from 1 to 4,47%), and on Sb, on the contrary, indicators are higher for Clv5,10 (from 1 to 48,3%). There is a tendency for the sex ratio to shift towards B: their share in the offspring by Clv2010 ranges from 51,4% in 2016 to 45,2% in 2014, and H from 47,3% in 2010 to 42,9% in 2009. The greatest losses in the breeding of dairy cattle are caused by culling for G&I cows, the share of which has decreased in recent years from 32,0% in 2016 to 58,8% in 45,7 in Lclv and from 1 to 2%, respectively, by Clv3, and the share of analogues for Clv40,5 and Clv36,2 calving is significantly lower (2 and 3%, respectively). In this group of cull animals Clv0,54 and Clv0,51, the Ab is the second in value (on average, 0,65 with fluctuations from 1 to XNUMX%, respectively). For active and effective reproduction of the herd, it is necessary to keep the maximum amount of heifers from ClvXNUMX for introduction into the herd and to reduce losses from G&I.

Keywords

Ayrshire breed, PPU, reasons for culling, calving results, frequency of insemination.