DOI: 10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202108007
UDC 636.22 / 28.082
Authors
G. M. Shkuratova
Candidate of Science in Agriculture, Senior Researcher Laboratory
for Breeding and Selection of Animals Siberian Federal Scientific
Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the RAS
Novosibirsk region, Krasnoobsk work settlement
Abstract
The results of the study of milk production and morphophysiological properties of the uterus of
heifers of the red-and-white breed for 100 days of lactation in comparison with the heifers of the
Simmental breed are presented. For 100 days of lactation from heifers of the red-motley breed, 2096
kg of milk each were obtained, with a fat content of 3,9 and a protein of 2,9%, from simmental fat, respectively,
1363,2 kg, with a fat content of 3,7 milk and protein of 2,9% First heifers of the red-motley
breed exceeded their peers in milk production by 732,8 kg (34,9%) with a highly reliable statistical
difference (B3 ≥ 0,999). Reliability (td=1,6) at zero threshold (Bo> 0,90) was also noted for fat content
in milk. The protein content in milk in first-calf cows of both groups was at the same level – 2,9%.
It has been established that the morphological features and functional properties of the udder
are fairly consistently inherited by the offspring. Therefore, by selection and selection, it is possible
to obtain animals with bath-like and cup-shaped forms of the udder, uniform development of quarters,
with full milk yield. The shape of the udder is one of the main breeding traits characterizing
the suitability of cows for machine milking, which is most closely associated with productivity.
In our studies, all the first heifers of the red-and-white breed had a bath-like and cup-shaped udder
(65 and 35%). Simmental first heifers were inferior, in them 78% of the animals had a bath-like
and bowl shape and 22% were round.
When measuring the udder, it was established that the first-hens of the red-and-white breed had
a wider, deeper udder with a large girth. Their udder was longer than that of the Simmental ones,
by 1,4 cm, wider by 1,5, deeper by 1,7, and more by girth by 3,6 cm.
The functional properties of the udder of heifers of the red-and-white breed were significantly
better than those of the Simmental. One-time milk yield from them was higher by 5,7 kg and
amounted to 10,8 milk. The lactation rate was also higher in the red-and-white first-calfs, and it
was 1,794 kg / min.
In the red-and-white heifers, a high positive correlation was observed between the milk yield
and body weight – 0,76, among the Simmental ones – 0,22, and between the milk yield and the fat
and protein content in milk, the negative correlation in both groups of animals.
For measurements of the udder (length, width, and girth) and milk yield for 100 days of lactation,
a positive correlation was found for both red-and-white and simmental healers.
Keywords
red-motley, Simmental beef cattle, milk yield, milk fat, milk protein, first-calf, udder shape, milk yield rate, correlation.
