UDC 619: 616.1 / 4
DOI: 10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202201003

Authors

Victoria A. Bychkova,
Anna V. Goncharova,
Vladislav A. Kostalev,
Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K.I. Scryabin, Moscow, Russia

Abstract

Systemic arterial hypertension is common among older animals and is regularly detected in cats with chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, Cushing’s syndrome, hyperthyroidism, while it is not always secondary to an underlying systemic disease. As a result of the study, it was found that arterial hypertension can develop at any stage of chronic kidney disease, and can also be primary or idiopathic. In human medicine, it has been proved that the correction of hypertension at an early stage contributes to a significant reduction in the progression of renal destruction processes. Clinical signs of the disease appear at the stage of azotemia and uremia (in fact, the terminal stage of chronic kidney disease); however, systemic arterial hypertension can occur without specific symptoms. The prime targets of hypertensive damage are – heart, eyes, kidneys, brain. The main clinical manifestations of the chronic kidney disease are: polyuria, polydipsia, cachexia, pallor of the mucous membranes, loss of appetite, apathy, vomiting, gingivitis. Clinical rationale for the development of arterial hypertension in cats with chronic kidney disease are the following factors: age of the animal, breed and concomitant diseases: hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, acromegaly, cushing's syndrome, FeLV and FIV, CKD, HCM. Comprehensive diagnostics is required to identify the causes of arterial hypertension, including history data, laboratory and instrumental research methods. Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, is currently the drug of choice for the pharmacological correction of arterial hypertension in cats. The use of this antihypertensive agent gives positive results and makes cats lives with CKD better.

Keywords

arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease, cats, calcium channel blockers, ischemia, tonometry, angiotensin, nephron, amlodipine.