UDC 575.174.015.3
DOI: 10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202402012

Authors

Gulnara G. Dzhaxybayeva,
Nursultan N. Kaynidenov,
Erzhan K. Akhazhanov,
«Toraigyrov University», Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
Nikolay N. Kochnev,
Novosibirsk State Agricultural University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Maxim V. Syrovatsky,
Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin”, Moscow, Russia
Sergey V. Beketov,
Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Abstract

The wide selection use of genetic markers of milk protein is relevant in Kazakhstan, which is due to the choice of research topic. Among the many genes that control milk productivity and milk quality, there are major genes that make the greatest contribution to the formation and functioning of a quantitative trait. These genes include the genes for kappa-casein and milk beta-lactoglobulin. Genetic polymorphisms have greatly contributed to the characterization of domestic breeds, tracing the evolutionary history of populations, and distinguishing between breeds of cattle. The polymorphism of the κ-Cn, β-LG genotypes of the Simmental and Red Steppe breeds of cattle of the Pavlodar region of Kazakhstan was studied. Among the Simmental breed, animals with the κ-CNAB genotype are more common – 48,5 %, with the κ-CNАА genotype – 27,2 % and with the κ-CNВВ genotype – 24,3 %. In the Red Steppe breed, the κ-CNAB genotype has the highest frequency at 49,2 %, followed by κ-CNAA at 34,2 % and κ-CNBB at 16,7 %. Allele A (0,591) is higher in frequency than allele B (0,4086). In the studied populations of the Simmental and Red Steppe breeds, the heterozygous genotype β-LGAB predominates – 48,2, 0,51 % respectively. The frequency of the β-LGAА genotype is 12,3 %, 12,2 %, the β-LGBB genotype is 39,5, 37,0 % respectively. In the studied group of Simmental and Red Steppe animals, the advantage of the β-LGA allele is not very pronounced, its frequency is 0,36; 0,39 respectively. Alleles β-LGA, β-LGB occur with a frequency of 0,36 and 0,64; 0,39 and 0,61, respectively. A small excess of heterozygotes was revealed – 48,2 % and 51 % of animals have the β-LGAB genotype.

Keywords

polymorphism, PCR-RFLP, kappa-casein, beta-lactoglobulin, red steppe breed, simmental breed